37 practice sets · Page 1 of 2
About urea, all are true except
concentration in the blood rises slightly after a high protein diet
causes osmotic diuresis when its blood concentration is increased
concentration rises in tubular fluid as the glomerular filtrate passes down the nephron
is actively secreted by the renal tubular cells
About the proximal convoluted tubules, all are true except
reabsorb most of K+ ions in glomerular filtrate
contains JGCs which secrete renin
reabsorb most of Na+ ions in glomerular filtrate
reabsorb most of Cl- ions in glomerular filtrate
Which one of the following statements about aldosterone is correct?
it causes an increased reabsorption of hydrogen ion
it has its main effect on the proximal tubule
it produces its effect by activating C-AMP
it produces its effect by increasing membrane permeability to potassium
Which of the following substances will be more concentrated at the end of the proximal tubule than at the beginning of the proximal tubule ?
sodium
bicarbonate
glucose
creatinine
When a person is dehydrated, hypotonic fluid will be found in the
loop of Henle
distal convoluted tubule
glomerular filtrate
proximal tubule
Urinary volume is increased by all the following except
sympathetic stimulation
increased renal arterial pressure
diabetes insipidus
diabetes mellitus
The volume of plasma needed each minute to supply a substance at the rate at which it is excreted in the urine is known as the
extraction ratio of the substance
tubular mass of the substance
diffusion constant of the substance
clearance of the substance
The primary renal site for the secretion of organic ions e.g urate, creatinine is
proximal tubule
loop of Henle
distal tubule
collecting duct
The hypothalamus will effect the release of ADH in response to all the following stimuli except
dehydration
severe hemorrhage
nicotine
pain, anxiety, or surgical stress
The greatest amount of hydrogen ion secreted by the proximal tubule is associated with
excretion of potassium ion
excretion of hydrogen ion
reabsorption of calcium ion
reabsorption of bicarbonate ion
The glomerular filtration rate will increase if
circulating blood volume increase
the afferent arteriolar resistance increases
the efferent arteriolar resistance decreases
the plasma protein concentration decreases
The glomerular filtration barrier is composed of all the following except
fenestrated capillary endothelium
macula densa
basement membrane
podocytes
The effect of antidiuretic hormone ( ADH ) on the kidney is to
increase the permeability of the distal nephron to water
increase the excretion of Na+
increase the excretion of water
increase the diameter of the renal artery
The amount of potassium excreted by the kidney will decreases if
distal tubular flow increases
circulating aldosterone level increase
dietary intake of potassium increase
Na+ reabsorption by the distal nephron decreases
The amount of H+ excreted as titratable acid bound to phosphate would be increased by all the following except
an increase in the amount of phosphate filtered at the glomerulus
an increase in the pH of the urine
an increase in the dietary intake of phosphate
an increase in the level of plasma parathyroid hormone ( PTH )
The ability of the kidney to excrete a concentrated urine will increase if
the permeability of the proximal tubule to water decreases
the rate of blood flow through the medulla decreases
the rate of flow through the loop of Henle increases
the activity of the Na-K pump in the loop of Henle decreases
Significant buffers for hydrogen ions generated in the body from anaerobic metabolism include all the following except
extracellular bicarbonate
plasma proteins
plasma lactate
inorganic phosphate
Select the correct answer about proximal tubules
K+ is secreted in exchange with the Na+ which is reabsorbed under the effect of aldosterone
glucose, amino acids & proteins are completely reabsorbed
only 10% of the filtered water is reabsorbed
parathormone increase phosphate reabsorption
Renal correction of acute hyperkalemia will result in
alkalosis
acidosis
increased secretion of -
increased secretion of H+
Reabsorption of Na+
takes place in association with CL- & –
occurs only in PT
is under control of parathormone hormone
is a passive process
