ObjectiveMcq
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Consider the following statements:
Statement I: The Manki–Munda system, practiced by the Ho Adivasi community, originally focused on resolving internal disputes and social matters without any revenue or taxation obligations.
Statement II: The British codification of the system through Wilkinson’s Rules (1833) transformed Mundas and Mankis into revenue-collecting agents, integrating Kolhan into colonial administration.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct Answer: A — Both Statement I and Statement II are correct, and Statement II is the correct explanation for Statement I.
The correct answer is Option 1.
Key Points
The Manki–Munda system is a traditional decentralized governance system of the Ho tribe in the Kolhan region.
It originally dealt with internal disputes, customs, and social matters without any revenue obligations. Hence, Statement I is correct.
Through Wilkinson’s Rules (1833), the British formalized this system and converted Mankis and Mundas into intermediaries for revenue collection and administration.
This brought Kolhan under colonial administrative control. Hence, Statement II is correct.
Since revenue responsibilities were introduced by British intervention, Statement II correctly explains Statement I.
Additional Information
Colonial policies like the Permanent Settlement (1793) contributed to tribal unrest.
This led to uprisings such as the Ho Rebellion (1821–22) and Kol Rebellion (1831–32).
Wilkinson’s Rules continued post-independence in certain contexts as customary governance practices.