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The Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) prohibits "any nuclear weapon test explosion or any other nuclear explosion" anywhere in the world. The treaty was opened for signature in September 1996, and has been signed by 185 nations and ratified by 170. The treaty cannot enter into force until it is ratified by 44 specific nations, eight of which have yet to do so: China, India, Pakistan, North Korea, Israel, Iran, Egypt, and the United States.