Section 3(i) of the JJ Act, 2015 establishes the Principle of Presumption of Innocence — any child shall be presumed innocent of any mala fide or criminal intent up to the age of 18 years. This principle applies universally regardless of the nature of the offence (murder, gang rape, etc.) or whether the Board has ordered the child to be tried as an adult. None of the listed situations removes this presumption under the Act.